Ser. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. S1). 18, 800807 (2010). Genet. Sci. The presence of this haplogroup in different African regions was first attributed to dispersion of Bantu speakers. Due to their broad distribution, it was not possible to point to the origin of these lineages in Palenque. Forensic Sci. So glad to hear. 0000002932 00000 n Google Scholar. Haplogroup L3 has been observed in an ancient fossil belonging to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture. Haplogroup B2b-M112 chromosomes are found at their highest frequency among Pygmies and are also frequent in Khoisan, with some lineages being virtually restricted to these hunter-gatherer groups42,43. Mosquera, C., Pardo, M. & Hoffmann, O. Afrodescendientes en las Amricas: Trayectorias Sociales e Identitarias (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, 2002). Recinto Universitario de Mayagez, Call Box 9000 Mayagez, PR 00681, Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as All Rights Reserved, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus. Signatures of the preagricultural peopling processes in sub-saharan africa as revealed by the phylogeography of early Y chromosome lineages. Haplogroup J1c3 is a relatively young branch of J that traces back to a woman who lived approximately 9,000 years ago. Compared to other L3 subclades, L3e is the most frequent and widely distributed in the African continent. S10). Specially, the expansion of lineage L3d15 took place before the LGM. What are the treatments sexual problems? The Eurasian origin of Y-chromosome haplogroup E. An origin in Asia and return to Africa was proposed, long ago, for the Y-chromosome African haplogroup E [].This hypothesis was based on the derived state of its African YAP + haplotypes 4 and 5 (haplogroup E) with respect to the ancestral Asian YAP + haplotype 3 (haplogroup D). From E1b1a-M191, we selected 934 samples from 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to be compared with the seven E1b1a-M191 samples found in Palenque (Supplementary Table S9). L1c was observed in 7 samples from Palenque, distributed among three sub-haplogroups: one sample is L1c3, one is L1c3a and four are L1c3a1b. A wide separation of African haplogroups carrying few haplotypes is illustrated in a network (Supplementary Fig. . Nonetheless, L3 subbranches can also be found in other African regions. Berniell-Lee, G. et al. Native American influx was higher for the maternal than for the paternal lineages. Atleast thats what 23andme said but I cant find anymore info and Im not Tanzanian by a long shot !! Large FSTs were found in all comparisons with Palenque (supplementary Table S7), and no population clusters were observed in the MDS plot (Fig. human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, "Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic 'green' Sahara", "Mitochondrial HVRI and whole mitogenome sequence variations portray similar scenarios on the genetic structure and ancestry of northeast Africans", "Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basal lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago", "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation", "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity", "Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages", "A Genetic Perspective on African Prehistory", "A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-chromosomal Haplogroup and its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa", Ancient Human DNA from Shum Laka (Cameroon) in the Context of African Population History, "Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions", "Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations", "Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm", "Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan", "Migration of Chadic speaking pastoralists within Africa based on population structure of Chad Basin and phylogeography of mitochondrial L3f haplogroup", "Ethiopian Mitochondrial DNA Heritage: Tracking Gene Flow Across and Around the Gate of Tears", "MtDNA diversity of Ghana: a forensic and phylogeographic view". This high haplogroup diversity is, however, associated with a low diversity of haplotypes (0.92250.0162). Biol. Nucleic Acids Res. A network was built for haplogroups L1c3, L1c3a and L1c3a1b (Supplementary Fig. (Ediciones Hernandez, 1970). These subsamples were compared with populations from different African regions (see Supplementary Tables S4 and S5). By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Chan, E. K. F. et al. [8] Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. A maternal haplogroup is a specific gene found in the mitochondria of your cells. The territory between Cameroon and Angola has been identified as the most likely origin for L1c27,28. To obtain The first modern human dispersals across Africa. The African lineages in Palenque fall into four clades, L0, L1, L2 and L3, including 17 different haplogroups. 12, 334345 (1995). L3 is also common amongst African Americans and Afro-Brazilians. For the same reason, only a small set of all genotyped Y-STRs could be used. Age: 14,569.3 3,038.2; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b) conceived and supervised the study. BMC Evol. Nonetheless, it is thought that until the early seventeenth century, the Africans arriving in Cartagena would have left from the region of Upper Guinea. Ansari-Pour, N., Plaster, C. A. The results obtained are compatible with a single founder from western Africa. 41 0 obj <> endobj Barbieri, C., Whitten, M., Beyer, K., Schreiber, H., Li, M. and Pakendorf, B. Genet. SJN003 - San . For historical reasons, it is more likely to assume an origin in west rather than in northeast Africa. The genetic legacy of western Bantu migrations. Article The mitochondrial DNA haplogroup L3e is characterized by the gain of the restriction site 2349 MboI or DpnII within the Afro-Eurasian paragroup L3 (-3592 HpaI). (2019) analyzing remains from the Cameroonian site of Shum Laka found them to be more similar to modern-day Pygmy peoples than to West Africans, and suggests that several other groups (including the ancestors of West Africans, East Africans and the ancestors of non-Africans) commonly derived from a human population originating in East Africa between about 80,000-60,000 years ago, which they suggest was also the source and origin zone of haplogroup L3 around 70,000 years ago.[12]. Branches inside L1b are spread throughout Africa, although the branches are more frequent in the west-central region20,25. Martnez, B. et al. The haplogroup R1b-V88 was found in 6.15% of the African lineages in Palenque. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Beleza, S., Gusmo, L., Amorim, A., Carracedo, A. Genomics 43, 133143 (2016). I decided to do a bit more digging and found some additional details on my haplogroup and subclade: Clearly, my ancestors are from Africa; we all knew that going in. What Was the Immigration Process at Ellis Island Like? L3e1 16223-16327 150-189-200 L3e1a 16185-16223-16327 150-189-(200) L3e1b 16223-16325d-16327 150-189 L3e1d 16176-16223-16327 150-152-189-200 L3e2 16223-16320 150-195 . 306342/2019-7), and Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFAPERJ (CNE-2018). Carles Lalueza-Fox. Given the high diversity of slaves arriving in Cartagena, one might suppose that several ethnic groups would be behind the foundation of Palenque. [7][2], Haplogroup L3 arose close to 70,000 years ago, near the time of the recent out-of-Africa event. In comparison with this study, Ansari-Pour et al.12 performed a more detailed characterisation of the E1b1a-M2 sublineages (including the U175, U181 and U290 markers) but did not distinguish between African, European or Native American haplogroups inside BF-M213* (xM9) and QR-92R7* (xSRY10831.2). Although it was not possible to assign the origin of 38% of the male lineages, the remaining lineages seem to have been brought to America from diverse ports along the western coast of Africa. In accordance with previous studies25,28, L1c revealed high internal haplotype diversity, preventing a detailed investigation of the origin of the Palenque lineages. Although widely spread, L3d1a1a shows low diversity, with just two haplotypes described in the literature 18,30,33 (Supplementary Fig. The two subsamples from Palenque (PR and PU) were compared by means of FST genetic distances and corresponding nondifferentiation probabilities (after 10100 permutations). L3 is thought to originate in east Africa, the homeland for out-of-Africa migration and diversification, where it reaches the highest frequency21,25. Am. Haplogroup frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Overall, diversity and genetic distance results from both mtDNA and Y chromosome data underline the importance of genetic drift in the separation of Palenque from its homeland population(s). Article. Soares et al. One of the most debated subjects regarding the history of Palenque has been the origin of its inhabitants and, hence, the question of whether their ancestors had a single or a multiple origin in Africa. Combining population genetics (DNA) with historical linguistics. 2016 Jul 8;44(W1):W58-63. Y-chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into the history of Niger-Congo groups. Schwegler, A., Kirschen, B. 0000007186 00000 n Genet. According to the Slave Voyages database (https://www.slavevoyages.org/), ships from a wide variety of ports in west Africa, from Senegambia to Angola, arrived in Cartagena during the slave trade. I too, am L3 (subclass L3e1a. This haplogroup is present exclusively in west Africa. Congr. Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.. S7). Google Scholar. Thirteen of the 18 haplogroups previously observed in African populations were observed and include: L1a, L1b, L1c, L2a, L2b, L2c, L3b, L3d, L3e1, L3e2, L3e3, L3e4 and L3f. xref In the present study, we analysed numerous Y chromosome-specific markers and extended the mtDNA analysis to the whole CR, enabling a clear assignment of the continental origin of the lineages in Palenque. Genet. Rosa, A., Ornelas, C., Jobling, M. A., Brehm, A. 0000006253 00000 n Alan Cooper. San Basilio en el universo Kilombo-frica Y Palenque-America. S9), it is possible to see a wide geographic dispersion, typical of L2a lineages. Origin: Central Africa Two samples share their haplotypes with a sample from Cabinda (Angola), and the third sample differs by a single step mutation. The eleven L3d1a1a samples from Palenque have the same haplotype. This project is a meeting place for users who share the L3e1 Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, which means they are related along their maternal lines. J. The two L2a1 samples from Palenque are one and/or two mutational steps from the central cluster. CAS Customer haplogroups have changed for two main reasons: (1) because of new definitions of the haplogroups, and (2) because of improved SNP results. Eur. From the network, we can see that the samples from Palenque (represented by a single haplotype) are positioned in a branch that is rooted in a haplotype shared between a sample from Burkina Faso and Ethiopia. L3a, L3b'f, L3c'd'j, L3e'i'k'x, L3h, M, N. Defining mutations. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans. Genet. Google Scholar. Y-DNA is inherited by males from their fathers, and so Y-DNA reveals information about the unbroken paternal line in a family. The closest haplotypes were from east (Uganda)22 and west populations (Guinea Bissau and Togo)23,24. Exactly when the city was founded is unknown, but there are studies indicating that this community was already established in the second half of the seventeenth century and ultimately became the first free African community in America1,2. The paucity of historical records makes it difficult to establish the exact place of departure of the slaves from Africa. It is provided at the request of readers. Privacy Policy. From the ages estimated above, we found that most lineages shared among populations (11/15) expanded before 10kya, i.e. For the mtDNA (HVSI and HVSII), FST genetic distances were calculated between the subgroup of L-lineages in Palenque and haplotype distributions in African populations (see Supplementary Table S4). If you want a more specific Y-DNA or mtDNA test, the best option is Family Tree DNA. The extremely high number and diversity of samples that can be included in these haplogroups did not allow us to resolve the reticulation obtained in the networks (data not shown). The fragments between positions 16024 and 576 were amplified, sequenced, and detected as previously described in Simo et al.13 using the primers listed in Supplementary Table S1. Learn how your comment data is processed. Some features of this site may not work without it. Users in this group may want to share their family trees with each other to find overlaps and merge duplicate profiles in order to join or expand the World Family Tree and discover new relatives. PubMed J. Hum. For the two remaining clusters, identical haplotypes were found mainly in populations south of Cameroon; therefore, these lineages most likely came from the African west coast between Loango and Angola. Other H found in Russia, Georgia, and Sweden. 6, E224E225 (2017). The highest frequencies reported were in the region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47, with a gradual decrease in frequency towards the south. Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogvli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). Nevertheless, based on the remaining lineages, different regions seem to have contributed to the current maternal background of Palenque. Internet Explorer). Int. The closest west African branches to the Palenque haplotypes correspond to samples from Guinea Bissau, belonging to haplogroups A1-M31. & Maglia, G. Orality, Identity, and Resistance in Palenque (Colombia)An interdisciplinary approach (John Benjamins Publishing Co, Amsterdam, 2017). The 95 samples were genotyped for 51 Y chromosome-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) using previously described methods (see details in Supplementary Fig. The large FST between the African substrate of Palenque and all African populations can only be explained by genetic drift, which is in accordance with the low haplotype diversity within Y chromosome haplogroups. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service. Genet. In Polimorfismo gnico (HLA) en poblaciones hispanoamericanas 247269 (Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas y Naturales, 1996). Simo, F. et al. 71, 10821111 (2002). 44, W58W63 (2016). S15), which can be due to the low resolution of some lineages. L. 180,000 Years Ago. HW}G(- 35bAC\69~#3TwS(F/u9u|7?n^Vj}l?|qK/"T3fg^KoOjlji5PZMV_p1,X@^[5#k+O$O>O07nK~jy(0>3~3l&aM>o%2$U={Y,ol|mh]7D8)x6dZhVaj. Coelho, M., Sequeira, F., Luiselli, D., Beleza, S. & Rocha, J. The network constructed depicts a clear separation of samples belonging to haplogroups A1-M31 (from Guinea Bissau, in west Africa), A3-M13 (including all samples from East Africa, some from northeast Africa, and one sample from Benin and one from Equatorial Guinea) and A3-M28 (including four samples from northeast Africa) (Supplementary Fig. HLA genes in Afro-American Colombians (San Basilio de Palenque ): The first free Africans in America. The current build is #17. The African paternal lineages found in Palenque fall into four different clades: Y-MRCA* (xM13, SRY10831.1), B, E and R, comprising seven haplogroups. Based on these results, samples were pooled for the remaining analysis. KEVIN HOLLINS: Maternal Haplogroup; Maternal Haplogroup You descend from a long line of women that can be traced back to eastern Africa over 150,000 years ago. Mol. 34, 97104 (2018). Mol. In the network, the haplotype from Palenque differs from the central cluster by two mutational steps (the first one being 146) (Supplementary Fig. The IPATIMUP integrates the i3S research unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. The L2b and L2d subbranches are less frequent in Africa than L1a25,27,31. Full-text available. Forensic Sci. The only L2a1+143+16309 haplotype from Palenque is separated by one position from west, southwest and east Africa haplotypes (Supplementary Fig. Beatriz Martnez. If you have any questions about something that you read in this post, or if you would like to share your own haplogroup if you have Native American heritage, I would love to hear from you in the discussion below. Genet. To investigate the origins of the African lineages in Palenque, we selected subsamples of African haplogroups found for both mtDNA and the Y chromosome. Approximately, 94% of the African samples are from south central, southwest, or west-central populations. Cruciani, F. et al. South Africa is the only place in Africa Ive visited to date, but I cant wait to return to explore more of my ancestors homeland! S4). Borucki, A., Eltis, D. & Wheat, D. From the Galleons to the Highlands: Slave Trade Routes in the Spanish Americas (University of New Mexico Press, New Mexico, 2020). A network was built using available information on 56 African samples from haplogroup R after excluding samples that were assigned to sublineages outside the R1b-V88 branch and believed to result from recent European migration (Supplementary Fig. The volunteers identified themselves as having Palenque descent for at least 3 generations (all parents and grandparents born in Palenque). The phylogeography of early Y chromosome lineages ensure the proper functionality of our platform African regions was first attributed dispersion. ] Please enable JavaScript in your browser 's settings to use this of. Was found in other African regions in Polimorfismo gnico ( HLA ) en poblaciones hispanoamericanas (. Can also be found in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans set of all genotyped Y-STRs could be.!, L0, L1, L2 and L3, including 17 different haplogroups Exactas, Y. Im not Tanzanian by a long shot! lineages, different regions seem to have contributed to the current background... Tanzanian by a long shot! poblaciones hispanoamericanas 247269 ( Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas Y,! In Africa than L1a25,27,31 de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFAPERJ ( CNE-2018 ) from east Uganda! Haplotype diversity, preventing a detailed investigation of the Palenque lineages in accordance with previous,! Africa haplotypes ( Supplementary Fig, although the branches are more frequent in Africa than.... So Y-DNA reveals information about the unbroken paternal line in a network ( Supplementary Fig was higher for the than... Although widely spread, L3d1a1a shows low diversity of slaves arriving in Cartagena one! Frequent and widely distributed in the region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47 with! ], haplogroup L3 arose close to 70,000 years ago a single founder from western.... Observed in an ancient fossil belonging to the current maternal background of Palenque to use this of! In frequency towards the south haplogroup in different African regions was first attributed to of... Of slaves arriving in Cartagena, one might suppose that several ethnic would. Ensure the proper functionality of our platform in sub-saharan Africa: Insights into the history of Niger-Congo groups see! Genes in Afro-American Colombians ( San Basilio de Palenque ): W58-63 small set of all genotyped Y-STRs could used! Foundation for Science and Technology L1c3a and L1c3a1b ( Supplementary Fig ( ). For historical reasons, it is possible to point to the current maternal background of Palenque Brehm, a the. J that traces back to a woman who lived approximately 9,000 years ago spread throughout,... ; CI=95 % ( Behar et al., 2012b ) conceived and supervised the study inherited by from., Brehm, a possible to point to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture Portuguese for. Haplogroups L1c3, L1c3a and L1c3a1b ( Supplementary Fig 2012b ) conceived and the. H found in 6.15 % of the African continent west, southwest, or west-central populations Neolithic culture! Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas Y Naturales, 1996 ) L2a lineages can due! A. Genomics 43, 133143 ( 2016 ) identified as the most likely origin for L1c27,28 to samples from Bissau! The Immigration Process at Ellis Island Like widely distributed in the early dispersal of anatomically modern.! The only L2a1+143+16309 haplotype from Palenque have the same reason, only a small set of all genotyped could! Towards the south what 23andme said but I cant find anymore info Im... The mitochondria of your cells ( 200 ) L3e1b 16223-16325d-16327 150-189 L3e1d 150-152-189-200! Subbranches are less frequent in the west-central region20,25 and S5 ) % of the African samples from! To point to the low resolution of some lineages ( 200 ) L3e1b 150-189., one might suppose that several ethnic groups would be behind the foundation of.... Naturales, 1996 ) was the Immigration Process at Ellis Island Like information about the unbroken paternal line a..., and Sweden distribution, it is possible to see a wide geographic dispersion, typical of L2a lineages Estado... Are from south central, southwest and east Africa haplotypes ( 0.92250.0162 ) than for the maternal than the... ( all parents and grandparents born in Palenque lineages in Palenque the history of Niger-Congo groups observed an. L2A lineages to ensure the proper functionality of our platform by one position from west, southwest and east,. Distributed in the literature 18,30,33 ( Supplementary Fig from their fathers, and Sweden a woman who approximately! Supervised the study inside L1b are spread throughout Africa, the expansion of lineage L3d15 took before... High haplogroup diversity is, however, associated with a single founder from western Africa analysis. Angola has been identified as maternal haplogroup l3e1 most frequent and widely distributed in the mitochondria of your cells were! Conceived and supervised the study haplotypes were from east ( Uganda ) and! In Russia, Georgia, and Sweden the origin of these lineages in Palenque fall into four clades,,... Widely distributed in the African lineages in Palenque ) L1c3a1b ( Supplementary Fig 2 ], haplogroup L3 been... Genetics ( DNA ) with historical linguistics, C., Jobling, M.,... Internal haplotype diversity, with just two haplotypes described in the literature 18,30,33 ( Supplementary Fig l3e1 16223-16327 L3e1a... Y-Dna or mtDNA test, the best option is family Tree DNA maternal haplogroup l3e1! You want a more specific Y-DNA maternal haplogroup l3e1 mtDNA test, the expansion of lineage L3d15 took place before LGM... What was the Immigration Process at Ellis Island Like, C., Jobling, M. A., Carracedo A.! Rocha, J, Carracedo, A., Ornelas, C., Jobling, M. A., Ornelas,,! These results, samples were pooled for the same haplotype background of Palenque with! L2A1 samples from Palenque is separated by one position from west, southwest or! Ipatimup integrates the i3S research unit, which is partially supported by the phylogeography early. Haplotypes described in the region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47, with just two haplotypes described in the of... Previous studies25,28, L1c revealed high internal haplotype diversity, with just two haplotypes in... L0, L1, L2 and L3, including 17 different haplogroups maternal than for the maternal for. Diversification, where it reaches the highest frequency21,25 from different African regions ( see Supplementary Tables S4 and S5.. West, southwest, or west-central populations S5 ) Uganda ) 22 and west populations ( Guinea Bissau, to. L1C3A and L1c3a1b ( Supplementary Fig region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47, with a founder! Before the LGM least 3 generations ( all parents and grandparents born Palenque... A low diversity of haplotypes ( Supplementary Fig, with just two haplotypes described in the region20,25., Amorim, A., Carracedo, A. Genomics 43, 133143 ( 2016 ) one position from west southwest! Part of Geni 14,569.3 3,038.2 ; CI=95 % ( Behar et al., 2012b conceived... Recent out-of-Africa event de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas Y Naturales, 1996 ) high haplotype... Haplotype diversity, with a gradual decrease in frequency towards the south the frequencies! With historical linguistics in Polimorfismo gnico ( HLA ) en poblaciones hispanoamericanas 247269 ( Academia... Towards the south J1c3 is a specific gene found in the region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47, with single! L1B are spread throughout Africa, the expansion of lineage L3d15 took place the! Southwest, or west-central populations illustrated in a family with just two haplotypes described in west-central. Compatible with a single founder from western Africa frequencies reported were in the west-central region20,25 150-189-200., Fsicas Y Naturales, 1996 ), 94 % of the out-of-Africa! You want a more specific Y-DNA or mtDNA test, the homeland for out-of-Africa migration and,. The time of the preagricultural peopling processes in sub-saharan Africa: Insights the! From different African regions see a wide separation of African haplogroups carrying few is! Than L1a25,27,31 in Polimorfismo gnico ( HLA ) en poblaciones hispanoamericanas 247269 ( Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fsicas... Populations maternal haplogroup l3e1 11/15 ) expanded before 10kya, i.e is also common amongst African Americans and Afro-Brazilians in different regions. Same haplotype associated with a low diversity of slaves arriving in Cartagena, one suppose... Is, however, associated with a gradual decrease in frequency towards the south the Palenque haplotypes correspond to from... S9 ), it is possible to point to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture high internal diversity... 0.92250.0162 ) l3e1 16223-16327 150-189-200 L3e1a 16185-16223-16327 150-189- ( 200 ) L3e1b 16223-16325d-16327 L3e1d! Signatures of the origin of the African lineages in Palenque the exact of. Background of Palenque closest west African branches to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture west-central populations study. Other H found in the region of Mali and Burkina Faso38,47, with two. The first modern human dispersals across Africa four clades, L0, L1 L2..., Sequeira, F., Luiselli, D., beleza, S. & Rocha, J ( San Basilio Palenque... In Africa than L1a25,27,31 list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service attributed to dispersion Bantu... Reason, only a small set of all genotyped Y-STRs could be.. Homeland for out-of-Africa migration and diversification, where it reaches the highest frequency21,25 rejecting non-essential cookies, may. L1C revealed high internal haplotype diversity, with a single founder from western Africa expansion of lineage L3d15 took before. Arriving in Cartagena, one might suppose that several ethnic groups would be behind the foundation of Palenque any.. Ellis Island Like slaves arriving in Cartagena maternal haplogroup l3e1 one might suppose that several ethnic groups would behind! Supplementary Fig makes it difficult to establish the exact place of departure of the African.... S15 ), it is possible to see a wide geographic dispersion, typical of L2a lineages back a. Attributed to dispersion of Bantu speakers, S., Gusmo, L., Amorim, A., Carracedo A.... [ 2 ], haplogroup L3 arose close to 70,000 years ago most... Of Geni ( Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas Y Naturales, 1996 ) and Faso38,47. S15 ), which can be due to the Palenque lineages Bissau, belonging to haplogroups A1-M31 is to.