Fresh out of the Navy, Bob Woodward washed out in his first attempt to work for The Washington Post, and went to work for a tiny suburban weekly. We said Haldeman had controlled the secret fund, according to the Grand Jury testimony of the Nixon Committee treasurer, and he had not testified to that. She posed this, almost suggesting that it was inevitable. Since 2003, he has written four books on President George W. Bushs conduct of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: Bush at War, Plan of Attack, State of Denial and The War Within. So in an odd way, those in my business have a million allies out there. If you didnt have the Independent Counsel, which was a direct outgrowth of Watergate, you never would have had Ken Starr, you never would have had a criminal investigation of Clinton. Within a year, his byline was appearing on the front page. He said, Youre crazy. And at the same time, it was my decision. [23], Bernstein is a frequent guest and analyst on television news programs, and in 2011 wrote articles for Newsweek/The Daily Beast, comparing Rupert Murdoch's News of the World phone-hacking scandal to Watergate. He yelled, Stop! That writing was actually on the wall the whole time. Instead, they wrote 'All the President's Men' and they sold the movie rights to Robert Redford. At 2 a.m. yesterday, the Watergate scandal turned 40. Woodwards father was a prominent attorney, and hoped that Robert would follow in his footsteps. When you began to work as a journalist, what was the reaction of your family? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thanks for contacting us. I now do my books alone, but I have a full-time assistant who is kind of my collaborator. Alicia Shepard fills in the gaps in her very candid book, "Woodward and Bernstein: Life in the Shadow of. We missed the first edition, but we published it the second edition, which came out at 11 oclock at night, 11:30. First, the spokesmen at the White House, Ziegler and some of those guys, and next the Attorney General, and Chuck Colson, all of those people, the White House aides, were lying. One of the managing editors at the Post, Howard Simons, during Watergate this was not on a Watergate story, but I was struggling with a story early in my time at the Post and he came by, and he said, You dont have to understand a man in an afternoon. In other words, you dont have to do it in a day, and you wont achieve understanding of it in an slow down, take your time, dig, go back. Woodward immediately published a full account of his dealings with Felt in his book, The Secret Man. The Woodward and Bernstein comparison is apt because it's a reminder that they were Metro Section reporters, not Political desk reporters. The next year, when I entered college determined to be a reporter just like the guys that Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman had portrayed on the screen, there was a surge in enrollment in journalism schools. Tell us a little bit about what actually happened. More than 40 years after they became the world's most famous journalism duo, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are still making news. One day after Alfred E. Lewis broke the news of the Watergate burglary to Washington Post readers, two young Post reporters named Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein picked up the story. In fact, it probably doesnt work that often. A judge told the Times they couldnt publish it, so a judge would tell us the same thing. Stop!, Bernstein recalled in a 1975 interview, now in Pakulas archive, that big crowds were outside. White bread. Advertisement Pakula. I had a friend who read books like Crime and Punishment by Dostoyevsky. The tapes incontrovertibly showed that he had participated in an attempt to obstruct justice from as early as six days after the Watergate burglary. Thats an astonishing thing for a journalist to say. But as Pakula began to understand Woodward, he wondered if the charming, handsome Redford, then 39, could play someone so different from himself. ." On the eve of the 2016 election, Woodward returned to the Watergate story one more time. The truth that few wanted to confront was Nixon wasn't really unique at all -- just a peculiarly rotten and inept defender of a system, the national security state, that actually didn't work at all, that was corrupt to its very core. He sat down with Woodward, then 32, Bernstein, then 31, their editors, their friends and the two women at the center of the reporters' lives. Perfect. They deposited, at the end of 1974, over $600,000. So you had a certain amount of independence? But then, of course, if you think about it, Nixon is the one who did himself in. Soon after the Nixon resignation, Bernstein and Woodward began work with a team of researchers on The Final Days, an account of the last months of Nixon's presidency, based on interviews with 394 people. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. It was so important. Ehrlichman? Woodward had married reporter Francie Barnard, and Bernstein was dating Nora Ephron, whom he married on April 14, 1976 -- 10 days after the movie debuted in Washington. Felt brazenly denied having been Woodwards source. One doesnt think of humility as a common quality of journalists for some reason. Woodward and Bernstein did disclose financial links between Nixons reelection campaign and the burglars arrested June 17, 1972, at headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in what was the signal crime of Watergate. All talk. He had worked in the Pentagon, and then he had worked for the Rand Corporation. More than 40 years after they became the world's most famous journalism duo, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are still making news. Mr. Woodward, can you tell us about the night you first got that phone call about a break-in at the Watergate? What was that about? And she had a style of I want to know whats going on. . Both "owe a lot" to Redford, Shepard said, explaining that, "Redfrod played a key role in the writing of the book, because Redford saw that the story was Woodward and Bernstein, these two lowly reporters who were going after the White House. Ben Bradlee: The Pentagon Papers was a study commissioned by Nixon in the first or second year of his first term, 1970 or 69. Landed at The Washington Post in 1971, had nine months reporting experience. The book drew upon the notes and research accumulated while writing articles about the scandal for the Post and "remained on best-seller lists for six months". That we had done stories, but it is a process of the judiciary, the Congress, the Supreme Court, that led to Nixons demise. He was rebellious, which led to him failing out of college. So why not take Woodward at his word? They were tireless young reporters, fearless and not intimidated by the very powerful people they were investigating. Encyclopedia.com. Editors looked around and thought, Who could we call in? Muskie, in the emotion of the campaign, was trying to explain what had gone on. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/woodward-and-bernstein. We worked her over very hard, but so did the lawyers. He was not lazy, she insisted. Because of its detail, as well as the crucial importance of the subject they were investigating, All the President's Men has come to be widely regarded as a classic book in the history of American journalism, showing how reporters and corporate news organizations operate under pressure. For over 30 years, the informants identity was known only to the man himself, and to Woodward, Bernstein and Bradlee. And my father said probably the severest thing he has ever said to me. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Max Frankel, chief of the Washington bureau at the NY Times, famously blocked coverage after hearing from the White House that it wasn't a story, even though they had confirmation early on from FBI . So much has happened since then. John Dean's afternoon testimony before the Senate Watergate committee, the crest of a high and beautiful wave.", They wrote that history has shown that Watergate was even worse than we thought it was at the time, they seemed blind to the reality that Felt wasn't motivated by an altruistic loyalty to the nation or the truth but by blind career ambition and petty revenge, we've seen a president who WASN'T impeached for evading Congress to cut secret arms deals in Iran and fund a secret war in Nicaragua, Bob Woodward was at the very head of that pack. Mr. Woodward, there is an interesting scene in the book and in the film All the Presidents Men where you tap out a story and Carl Bernstein immediately starts rewriting it, and youre miffed. Felt was 91 when, in 2005, he acknowledged through his familys lawyer that he had been Woodwards source after all. The role of Congress and the courts -- where even Republicans refused to turn a blind eye to a Republican president's wrongdoing -- was critical to this belief, but it was the journalist at the very top of this moral pyramid. All of the guys who later went to jail. Ben Bradlee: From Daniel Ellsberg. It has been said that as dark a chapter as Watergate was in the American presidency, in a sense, it showed the branches of government working. And redford was the one who shaped 'All the President's Men.' There were some teachers and lawyers and business people, but no writers. Bull---- artist. Beyond that, the deeper problem of Nixon Exceptionalism is that it established new standards for what constituted presidential misconduct -- standards that weren't based on the discredited ideas of the 1960s, but the "objective" standards of the Watergate era. He is the author or co-author of seven books: All the President's Men, The Final Days, and The Secret Man, with Bob Woodward; His Holiness: John Paul II and the History of Our Time, with Marco Politi; Loyalties; A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton;[3] and Chasing History, a memoir of his early years in journalism. His unfounded fear of being fired and his need to belong fueled his workaholic lifestyle. Ben Bradlee: Probably the first or second day, really. I mean, I shudder to think the way we put it. Encyclopedia of World Biography. The Twitter-sized version is the president had a goon squad that did all kinds of buggings and break-ins and political dirty tricks, and when those burglars with ties to the White House were busted 40 years ago, Nixon and his top aides broke the law to cover it all up. He spent a year in his research, which was published as a 25,000-word article in Rolling Stone magazine. You mentioned Faulkner. And in that same space of time, Woodward's written five books. . It was going to be reproduced in the history books, and we wanted to be sure that we got it right, and be sure that some there wasnt a typo. During Watergate, no matter how well Bernstein reported the story, he was pegged by Post editors as the bad boy of the duo -- always late, unreliable and quick to hype his leads. But they missed decisive elements of Watergate, notably the payment of hush money to the burglars and the existence of Nixons White House tapes. You get to see other peoples lives, and you chart the rise and fall of others, and youre not that involved. Pakula didnt want facts alone. It turned out that he hadnt been asked, and that interested us a great deal, because if the prosecution wasnt asking him those interesting questions, that suggested that there was a reason they werent, and the reason might be that they were trying to cover it up. Following the 1972 arrests, journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of The Washington Post investigated the scandal relentlessly. When we found out who had taken it out, it was Hunt, and everybody said, What the hell is Hunt doing taking a book on Teddy Kennedy. It looked like I was going to become a lawyer, and my father to a certain extent was my model. We made one mistake in a story in which we said that Woodward and Bernstein said that there was a slush fund of $300,000 set up in the Committee to Re-elect the President, and it was controlled by Haldeman, and that one of the witnesses had testified to that slush fund to the grand jury investigating Watergate. In 1975, it was turned into a movie starring Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein and Robert Redford as Woodward which later went on to be nominated in multiple Oscar (including Best Picture nomination), Golden Globe and BAFTA categories. And most of us had served in World War II. I think most people feel that the old Post would have just sat by. For example, the newspapers publisher during Watergate, Katharine Graham, pointedly rejected that interpretation during a program 25 years ago at the now-defunct Newseum in suburban Virginia. / CBS. Encyclopedia of World Biography. I called my father and said Im not going to law school, but have this job at a newspaper he had never heard of. He sat down with Woodward, then 32, Bernstein, then 31, their editors, their friends and the two women at the center of the reporters lives. Much to his chagrin. He always saw me as a lawyer. Why did they think of you? Bob Woodward: We accused some people of things they didnt do that were based on some reports, written reports. Where do you work? On stage, Dean Martin was the suave crooner while Jerry Lewis was the lovable buffoon. Three Post editors were portrayed by award-winning character actors: Jason Robards as Ben Bradlee, Martin Balsam as Howard. [10], At the University of Maryland, College Park, he was a reporter for the school's independent daily, The Diamondback. Woodward cautiously would have to go from one step literally to another. The whole reputation of the paper was hanging on that by the time. Woodward also got a dig in about Bernsteins famed love of the ladies, recalling Bernstein got a list of people who worked on the Richard Nixon re-election campaign from an ex-girlfriend. We shouldnt do that. That doesnt mean there wont be more scandals and maybe even larger scandals, but in a sense, the vision or the dream of the people who wrote the Constitution has, at least in part, been realized. How do you think your different perspectives and personalities complemented one another as you continued the Watergate investigation? Hes a good lawyer, a fair man.. Robert Upshur Woodward, born on March 26, 1943, in Geneva, Illinois, attended Yale University on a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) scholarship, after which he served for five years as a naval officer. Each had strengths that complemented the others. They were after us and The New York Times. Who played quite a role in the Watergate affair. 25 Feb/23. Later Career. Not bad, as they say, and what legs! You could feel that they took not an adversarial position toward government, but a position of skepticism, a position of there is accountability reporting. It is, however, a simplistic trope that not even Watergate-era principals at the Post embraced. The shadowy man was the compass to point the journalist duo in the right direction. The Post played a critical role in the beginning, and Woodward and Bernstein came in at critical moments. And most jobs, if you are a lawyer or a doctor, you have to deal with clients, patients who have boring problems or diseases that are routine, and of course, the definition of news is non-routine. Whats going on in the town in culture, in the nation, in the world is news, and you get to work on that. We talk all the time. All the Presidents Men was published in June 1974 and quickly reached the top of The New York Times bestseller list, remaining there 15 weeks, through Nixons resignation and beyond. That version of Watergate has long dominated popular understanding of the scandal, which unfolded over 26 months beginning in June 1972. You should let it, He put $40,000 on credit cards to make his first film. Why is he interested in that? But every Republican in the country was interested in Chappaquiddick, and not a few Democrats, so I said, Find out what the hell he took it out for. I want to offer some ideas. He wanted to understand Woodward and Bernstein deeply so he could capture their true characters and motivations for the movie. I am repeatedly struck by how I have missed part of the story, always. Knopf had a first printing of 275,000 copies. Events are filtered through minds and memories and prejudices, and you feel intimate with his characters. One story that Ephron shared with Pakula concerned how the two reporters sparred as they raced to complete the book All the Presidents Men. Woodward, she told the director, could be so stubborn and bullheaded and had no instinct for writing. When Ephron and Bernstein were in Martinique on vacation, Woodward and Bernstein fought on the telephone, to the tune of a $400 bill, about verb tenses. So we were terribly worried, and we didnt its a big newspaper and a lot of people in it, and you cant control all of them even if you wanted to. And once you are convicted of a felony, you cant own television stations, so it would have cost us all the television stations. On the other hand, Carl Bernstein was the child of two Communist activists (per Washingtonian). If anything, the intervening 25 years have solidified the heroic-journalist myth of Watergate, which I address and dismantle in my book Getting It Wrong: Debunking the Greatest Myths in American Journalism.. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. We wanted to be sure that it wasnt sabotaged in some way by, you know, printers slipping in the F word or something like that that was going to screw it up. Give him a story, any story, and he runs with it. Bob Woodward: Yes, and then later, my parents were divorced, and my father remarried a woman who had three kids also. Robert H. Ferrell I had worked for the Post for nine months. While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward, and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. Carl was the big thinker, and Woodward was the one that make sure it got done" (via CBS News). Are you and Bernstein still friends? Ben Bradlee: By an overwhelming margin, as we were reminded so often. It was a Saturday morning, I think the summer. When will all the truth come out? Quite optimistically. Shepard noted that their relationship has had peaks and valleys, saying, "I think they grew to respect one another. A great many of the participants in the Watergate story have written books about their parts in the events. The Truth About Woodward And Bernstein's Role In The Watergate Scandal, Howard Moore/deseret Morning News/Getty Images. Woodward was able to soldier on and write 14 books. Pakula gradually realized that neither Woodward nor Bernstein could have pulled off Watergate alone. As the Watergate scandal unfolded in the pages of the Washington Post in the early 1970s, the two reporters who first broke the story became just as famous as the people they were writing about. Bob Woodward: Oh, yes. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). As of 1997 Woodward is an assistant managing editor of the CIA in Veil (1987), the Pentagon and the Gulf War in The Commanders (1991), and the Clinton White House in The Agenda (1994). After a brief period of national self-examination and a few watered-down post-Watergate reforms, the sins that Woodward and Bernstein attribute uniquely to Nixon, including the squelching of dissent and the discrediting of journalism, resumed with an intensity just as great as the early 1970s. Overnight, Woodward and Bernstein became household names. Mr. Bradlee, by the time of the Watergate affair, the Post had already come into conflict with the Nixon administration over the Pentagon Papers. We just didnt sleep a hell of a lot. It was a difficult time to be associated with something youre pretty sure is not right. A year later, he was back at the Post, and at age 29 found himself in the middle of one of the biggest stories of the century. Its our job to figure them out.. But together they did something that neither one of them could do individually. All reflected a mind-set and a pattern of behavior that were uniquely and pervasively Nixon's: a willingness to disregard the law for political advantage, and a quest for dirt and secrets about his opponents as an organizing principle of his presidency. Bob Woodward: Thats not humility, thats realism. A few weeks after receiving his bachelors degree in 1965, he entered the United States Navy for a four-year tour of duty. ", Fame, Shepard observed, "played a huge role in changing their lives forever. Dont tell me never. Dont let things elude us. The Watergate scandal began in May 1972, when members of PresidentRichard M. Nixon's campaign team (known as Nixon's Committee to Re-Elect the President or CREEP) broke into the Democratic National Committee's headquarters in the Watergate Hotel (per History). You dont have a context for it, so it destroys the very notion of context, because the only context you know as a child is family. We talk all the time. Although Woodward and Bernstein were able to link the burglary of Democratic National Headquarters to operatives inside the Nixon White House, and to President Nixons re-election campaign, they were unable at first to prove any direct involvement by the president or his senior staff to either the burglary or its subsequent cover-up. Bob Woodward: We had done some of the early stories, that it led to the Senate Watergate Committee, led to the House Judiciary Committee and impeachment investigation. I had fallen in love with some books at a younger age like Swiss Family Robinson, adventure stories, but I tried to read Crime and Punishment, and read some other books, and then in high school I took a course reading books, and that really kind of focused me on the value of a book. He persuaded The Washington Post to give him an unpaid two-week try-out. "They were journalistic icons for the role they played in bringing down, or helping to bring down a president of the United States, (Richard) Nixon in 1974," Shepard understated. I was asleep in my bedroom in a suburb of New York, a 13-year-old boy, still trying to make sense of this strange world I'd been born into, where police in blue helmets fought young people in the street, and great men were gunned down in their prime. Bob Woodward: Who knows whether its that? Other than Woodward and Bernstein, no personalities prominent in Watergate were the subjects of a bestselling memoir, the inspiration for a star-studded motion picture, and the protectors of a mythical source who eluded conclusive identification for decades. Somebody who through force of personality made history interesting and important. Richard Matthew Pious How did that come about? How does this affect me, Nixon, the president? During his marriage to Ephron, Bernstein met Margaret Jay, daughter of British Prime Minister James Callaghan and wife of Peter Jay, then UK ambassador to the United States. His detailed notes, first made public in December 2005, were donated by his wife to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences after his death in 1998 in an automobile accident. 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