Liu He was born on January 25, 1952, in Beijing. In 1998, Li was transferred to Henan Province, where he served as governor (19982003) and, concurrently, deputy party secretary (19982002) and then party secretary (200204). Since the circular was issued, party-run publications and Web sites have vehemently denounced constitutionalism and civil society, notions that were not considered off limits in recent years. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). Subsequently, Han served as deputy secretary (199091) and secretary (199192) of the CCYL Shanghai Municipal Committee. (, Premier of the State Council (2013present), Member of the Politburo Standing Committee (2007present), Vice-Chairman of the National Security Committee (2013present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms (2013present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work (2013present), Vice-Chairman of the Central Military and Civilian Integration Development Committee (2017present), Chairman of the Committee on Organizational Structure of the Central Committee of the CCP (2012present), Chairman of the National Defense Mobilization Committee (2013present), Director of the State Energy Commission (2013present), Head of the National Leading Group for Climate Change and for Energy Conservation and Reduction of Pollution Discharge (2013present), Head of the State Council Leading Group for Rejuvenating the Northeast Region and Other Old Industrial Bases (2013present), Head of the State Council Leading Group for Western Regional Development (2013present), Head of the State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee (2008present), Head of the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Committee (2008present), Head of the State Council Leading Group for Deepening Medical and Health System Reform (2008present), Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (1997present). At the peak of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) crisis, Wang was appointed mayor of Beijing (200407). Sooner or later, some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. Disaster City Revisit ~ BBC Spots Training Hub; Sea Level Rise Explorer ~ Map of Coastal Risk The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. While ideas promoted by Xis two immediate predecessors, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, would also be incorporated, their names would not, thus venerating a trifecta of Chinese leadersMao, Deng, and Xionly to reinforce Xis egoism. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. Before her retirement, Yao worked as an official at the China Native Produce & Animal Import and Export Corporation. He also worked as deputy head of Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet (1992), and as deputy party secretary and head of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet (199597). The information you're looking for, is in the "To URL" section. Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. Subsequently, Wang served as general manager of the Agriculture Credit and Investment Company (198889), vice governor of China Construction Bank (198993), vice governor of the Peoples Bank of China (199394), and governor of China Construction Bank (199497). Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. It has not been openly published, but a version was shown to The New York Times and was verified by four sources close to senior officials, including an editor with a party newspaper. 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. Some of this cognitive dissonance may be temporary compromises as Xi positions himself to gain broad support from various forces in the country. Constitutionalism is a weapon for information and psychological warfare used by the magnates of American monopoly capitalism and their proxies in China to subvert Chinas socialist system, said another commentary in the paper. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). No further information is available on Suns family. In March 2007, Xi was appointed party secretary of Shanghai. In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. Otherwise, based on his continued consolidation of power and ambitions for the countryand, indeed, himselfXis new era may resurrect an old problem. At the same time, China is increasingly using these freedoms in Europe to shape its agenda. Wang was transferred to Guangdong Province in 1997 to serve as vice governor. Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including constitutional democracy . To Xi or not to Xi? Han joined the CCP in 1979. This marked the first time in CCP history that a plenum concentrated on law. Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Even as Mr. Xi has sought to prepare some reforms to expose Chinas economy to stronger market forces, he has undertaken a mass line campaign to enforce party authority that goes beyond the partys periodic calls for discipline. For the Chinese Communist Party, these founding principles of our European model belong to the "seven subversive currents" and the "Western evils" that need to be suppressed in China. In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). When Hu was made first secretary of the CCYL in 1985, Li became a full member of the Secretariat. According to some Chinese observers, Sun effectively constrained the power and influence of Bo Xilai in Dalian after she took over as the citys party chief from 2001 to 2005.3. 2. Instead, Mr. Xi has signaled a shift to a more conservative, traditional leftist stance with his rectification campaign to ensure discipline and conspicuous attempts to defend the legacy of Mao Zedong. Xi is a princeling; he is the son of Xi Zhongxun, a former Politburo member and vice-premier who was one of the architects of Chinas Special Economic Zones in the early 1980s2. Sent-down youth () refers to young, educated urbanites who left their home cities to serve as manual laborers in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. The couple does not have any children. Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. Given her age, Sun will likely retire in the next leadership transition in 2022-23. Some have said that constitutionalism and similar ideas were tools of Western subversion that helped topple the former Soviet Union and that a similar threat faces China. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. Wang was a staff member at the Shaanxi Museum (197173 and 197379) before he joined the CCP in 1983. Proactive Foreign Policy Xis proactive () approach to foreign policy marks a significant departure from Deng Xiaopings strategy of keeping a low profile (). In 2002, the school was renamed the Anshan Institute of Science and Technology. Back-draught of a wave. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). 2. : criticizing something in a clever and indirect way in order to make it weaker or less effective. HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Promoting Western constitutional democracy. Xis first marriage produced no children. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). (Of a ship) being moved by a tug. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of Chinas Youth Federation (19972001). It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. Liu was a founder and convener of the Chinese Economists 50 Forum1. He became a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee while continuing to work as deputy secretary-general (199798). HONG KONG, Aug. 20 (UPI) -- Western constitutional democracy and human rights are among the so-called subversive currents running through Chinese society, a memo warns. Rip currents are dangerous, offshore flows of water found at beaches where waves break across a surfzone and these currents responsible for many people getting into trouble while swimming. For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. Now the leftists feel very excited and elated, while the liberals feel very discouraged and discontented, said Professor Xiao, who said he was generally sympathetic to Mr. Xis aims. For example, the fourth plenum of the 18th Party Central Committee, held in the fall of 2014, was devoted to Chinas legal reform. Document No. Further, prior to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited Guangdong twice. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). That has included a visit to a historic site where Mao undertook one of his own attempts to remake the ruling party in the 1950s. After that, Hu served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province (200809). Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. Sun Chunlan was born on May 24, 1950, in Raoyang County, Hebei Province. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring His ancestral home is Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. T his month on the Criterion Channel, dive into the career of Oscar nominee Michelle Yeoh (Everything Everywhere All at Once), whose martial-arts prowess and megawatt charisma made her one of Hong Kong's greatest action heroes.From there, head back to the anything-goes exuberance of early Hollywood with our Buster Keaton retrospective and a lineup of pre-Code Paramount classics, or spend . Habit #3: Fix, make or bake stuff yourself, because it strengthens your independence of thought from the soul-robbing, imagination-sucking, corporate production of stuff. Purpose. She also served as party secretary of Dalian, Liaoning (200105), and as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (200509). Hu joined the CCP in 1983. Learn more. However, Wang has ostensibly also made many political enemies. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life. It appears that Xi has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. For more information, see. As an undergraduate majoring in law, Li studied under Professor Gong Xiangrui, a well-known, British-educated expert on Western political and administrative systems. Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. After demobilization from the military, Liu worked as a manual laborer and then as an official in the Beijing Radio Factory (197478). Chinese Communist Youth League ( CCYL ) 10 gift articles to give each month face another ideological test in. The SARS ( Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ) crisis, wang has ostensibly also made many political.! A full member at the 15th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited twice. 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