ASHA extends its gratitude to the following subject matter experts who were involved in the development of the Intellectual Disability page: In addition, ASHA thanks the members of the Ad Hoc Committee to Review/Revise Current Practice and Policy Documents Related to Mental Retardation/Developmental Disabilities, whose work was foundational to the development of this content. The following examples may be considered for children with ID. In M. J. Guralnick (Ed. These teams establish and coordinate services that are family centered, culturally appropriate, comprehensive, and compassionate and that produce meaningful life outcomes. Decisions about specific goals and objectives are made in collaboration with the family and the person with ID. Down syndrome is the largest genetic cause of ID, and Fragile X syndrome is the largest inherited cause of ID. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0156). Environmental arrangement is a technique that involves arranging the environment to encourage communication by increasing interest in the environment and setting the occasion for communication. Parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching with preschool children who have intellectual disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0001). May have hearing loss (Rosenbaum & Rosenbloom, 2012). For example, a physical therapist and an SLP may work together to improve respiratory support, which can, in turn, enhance speech production and intelligibility. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(1), 179191. The incidence/prevalence data in this section pertain to United Statesbased populations. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500105. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041%3C0007:ABACFO%3E2.0.CO;2, Herer, G. R. (2012). It includes training in everyday environments and activities, rather than only at therapy time. Difficulties with narrative discourse, particularly errors in nominal reference (Thorne et al., 2007). Visual impairment in adult people with intellectual disability: Literature review. Ruiter, I. D. (2000). Timing refers to the scheduling of intervention relative to the diagnosis. ), Effective practices for children with autism: Educational and behavior support interventions that work (pp. See ASHAs Practice Portal pages on Hearing Loss in Children and Hearing Loss in Adultsfor more information. Sensitivity to cultural and linguistic variables is necessary when selecting formal and informal assessment measures. Content for ASHA's Practice Portal is developed through a comprehensive process that includes multiple rounds of subject matter expert input and review. Fragile X spectrum disorders. For example, some individuals with ID may be good candidates for immediate introduction of symbolic communication goals that target acquisition and use of words or symbols. Several Hanen Centre programs and guidebooks have been developed with research-based training for parents/caregivers of. Provide treatment, document progress, and determine appropriate timelines for treatment and development of new treatment goals/targets for the individuals continued development. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 53(1), 8499. Contributions of incidental teaching, developmental quotient, and peer interactions to child engagement. SLPs ensure that intervention provides ample opportunities for communication and incorporates. Importance of Setting Goals Andrew Carnegie once said, ''If you want. U.S. Department of Education. Cause-specific mortality of people with intellectual disability in a population-based, 35-year follow-up study. Changes in Services for Persons With Developmental Disabilities: Federal Laws and Philosophical Perspectives, Federal Programs Supporting Research and Training in Intellectual Disability, Disability section of the 7th edition of the American Psychological Association (2020) style manual, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, ASHAs Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology, assessment tools, techniques, and data sources, Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology, Collaborating With Interpreters, Transliterators, and Translators, IDEA Part B Issue Brief: Individualized Education Programs and Eligibility for Services, Current IDEA Part C Final Regulations (2011), Relation of Developmental Age to Service Eligibility, Myths About Adult Communicators With Severe Disabilities, Applied Behavior Analysis and Communication Services, Treatment Principles for Individuals with an Intellectual Disability, Treatment Principles for Individuals With an Intellectual Disability, ASHAs Preferred Practice Patterns for the Profession of Speech-Language Pathology, SLPs in collaboration with ABA therapists, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), Literacy in Individuals With Severe Disabilities, Speech-Language Pathologists as Expert Witnesses, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, American Occupational Therapy Association, Association of Assistive Technology Act Programs, CDC launches COVID-19 resources for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Developmental Disabilities, Council for Exceptional Children/Division for Communication, Language, and Deaf/Hard of Hearing, International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of Persons With Severe Disabilities, National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, RESNA: Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, World 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(2017). Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(2), 7785. Whitaker, P., Barratt, P., Joy, H., Potter, M., & Thomas, G. (1998). Educational Psychology, 25(23), 287304. For example, video-based instruction is a form of intervention that uses technology and can be used in peer-mediated interventions to address social skills and other target behaviors. Coggins, T. E., Timler, G. R., & Olswang, L. B. Universal Design for Learning is a lesson planning framework that can guide teachers in inclusive lesson planning. Integrated play groups is a treatment model designed to support children of different ages and abilities with ASD in play experiences with typical peers and siblings. Regional and National Summary Report of Data from the 201314 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195317046.003.0005, Gentile, J. P., Cowan, A. E., & Smith, A. Please see ASHAs resource on interprofessional collaborative practice for further information. The hypothesis of apraxia of speech in children with autism spectrum disorder. Parental reports of spoken language skills in children with Down syndrome. Setting refers to the location of treatment (e.g., home, community-based, work). access or a functional need may be due to physical, sensory, behavioral, mental health, intellectual, developmental, or cognitive disabilities; chronic conditions; injuries; and limited English proficiency (LEP) or an inability to speak English. Lack of linguistically appropriate measures and awareness of cultural influences on assessment, layered with the inherent bias in the evaluation process, results in disproportionality in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12200, Berglund, E., Eriksson, M., & Johansson, I. Additionally, the intellectual and adaptive deficit begin early in . 106-402, 102(8). Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 57(5), 421438. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2018.1479198, Shifrer, D., Muller, C., & Callahan, R. (2011). SLPs should consider the role of ABA in communication intervention, particularly because difficulty with prompt dependency and generalization of communication interactions may result. For example, individuals with Down syndrome may be at higher risk for earlier onset of dementia when compared with the general population (Burt et al., 2005; Hawkins et al., 2003). This is in no way meant to be a document to just copy and paste from. L. No. Definition of intellectual disability. (2019). Students with intellectual disabilities are among the least likely students to spend a significant amount of time in general education classrooms. Fostering peer interaction, imaginative play and spontaneous language in children with autism. L. No. Using a speech- generating device to enhance communicative abilities for an adult with moderate intellectual disability. Perspectives on Language Learning and Education, 18(3), 8797. (2011). See ASHAs Practice Portal pages on Bilingual Service Delivery, Cultural Responsiveness, and Collaborating With Interpreters, Transliterators, and Translators for additional information. Increased risk for language disorders (Pennington et al., 2005). The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 660667. The ASHA Leader, 8(19), 67. Speech intelligibility problems, which may result from disturbances in voice, articulation, resonance, fluency, or prosody (Kent & Vorperian, 2013). Augmentative communication and early intervention: Myths and realities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(2), 126138. Brookes. Rates of co-occurring disorders in male and female adults with ID were similar, with 19% and 20%, respectively (Mazza et al., 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.009, Lazenby, T. (2008). Multiple communication partners besides the SLP may also be involved in service delivery across settings. [PDF]. Intervention is customized based on the individuals needs, interests, and family situation. Clarifying the social roots of the disproportionate classification of racial minorities and males with learning disabilities. For full participation, the Communication Bill of Rights identifies access to functioning augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and other assistive technology services and devices as necessary at all times. Feeding and swallowing may be compromised (Sullivan, 2009). Conduct a culturally and linguistically relevant and age-appropriate assessment of speech, language, communication, and swallowing, using formal and informal tools. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 39(2), 261272. express wants or needs (tangible reinforcement), indicate frustration or a desire to avoid a nonpreferred activity or event (escape-avoidance), or. Aging in adults with intellectual disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.018, Lozano, R., Rosero, C. A., & Hagerman, R. J. Parents were randomly assigned to the training programme group (n = 8) or waiting list group (n = 6). 433463). In our work, these are often skills or behaviors that can help adults with developmental disabilities better integrate into their community, live independently, or secure employment. Determine eligibility for speech and language services. The treatment modes/modalities described above (e.g., AAC) may be used to implement these treatment options. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/094). Guralnick, M. J. In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian, & S. M. Wilczynski (Eds. A randomised clinical trial was conducted. Fetal alcohol syndrome is the largest environmental cause of ID. Participants included 3 high school students with severe disabilities enrolled in a private faith-based school . Preferred practice patterns for the profession of speech-language pathology [Preferred practice patterns]. Effective early intervention: The developmental systems approach. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115(5), 364380. Of the children aged 621 years served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA), 6.7% of students were identified with ID (U.S. Department of Education, 2021). https://doi.org/10.5582/irdr.2014.01022. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(4), 405426. ABA has been used for individuals with ID, particularly those who also have ASD (e.g., Spreckley & Boyd, 2009). Dysphagia, 23(1), 8897. For example, evaluators determine if failure to recognize a photo of a party reflects word retrieval challenges or is due to an unfamiliar representation of a party to an individual. (2014). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 21642182. Serve as an integral member of a team working with individuals with ID and their families/caregivers and, when appropriate, considering transition planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.011. See Changes in Services for Persons With Developmental Disabilities: Federal Laws and Philosophical Perspectives and Federal Programs Supporting Research and Training in Intellectual Disability. Bias should be addressed as it may affect quality of patientprovider interactions and has the potential to affect outcomes (Hall et al., 2015). Provider refers to the person offering the treatment (e.g., SLP, trained volunteer, caregiver). Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(5), 424438. The purpose of this case study was to examine how students with severe disabilities participated in service-learning at a food pantry and the curricular goals they addressed. The Sociological Quarterly, 59(3), 384406. This may influence families willingness or desire to seek or accept services. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.11.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018Mazza, M. G., Rossetti, A., Crespi, G., & Clerici, M. (2020). Screening may not be a needed step for individuals with intellectual disability (ID), particularly those with more severe limitations in intellectual or adaptive functioning. Intervention, particularly errors in nominal reference ( Thorne et al., 2005 ) appropriate... A speech- generating device to enhance communicative abilities for an adult with moderate intellectual disability,... Particularly because difficulty with prompt dependency and generalization of communication interactions may result 2007. 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