The child here is unidentified except that he is beind held for sale as a slave. Let's work together to safeguard these globally important reefs for the benefit of communities, the marine ecosystem, the nations of Kenya . [23] Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. [citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. These campaigns have led to arrests of poachers and seizures of weapons and illegal wildlife items, including ivory and rhino horn. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 1969. It is narrow, swift and strong. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. East Coast ports have been undertaking more and more investments in recent years. The Dragonfly Sea (2019) by Kenyan author Yvonne Owuor follows the story of a protagonist named Ayaana on the island of Pate. In rural areas, people have lost crops and livestock and face hunger and outbreaks of malaria. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). 2010-10-06 07:36:31. Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. With millions of humans also sharing the land, frequent encounters occur and often lead to conflict. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. The Agulhas Current(/ls/) is the western boundary currentof the southwest Indian Ocean. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. Meanwhile, in 1884, a narrow coastal strip of Somaliland came under British control (British Somaliland). This includes: - 3,000 species of molluscs - 1,500 species of fish - 1,000 species of seaweed Rhaptas main imports were metal weapons and iron toolssuggesting that iron smelting was not yet known. A gasflame nudibranch in False Bay, Cape Peninsula, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 Entrant), ? WWF seeks to halt the illegal logging in Mozambique and Tanzania that is destroying vital coastal forests. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . Copy. This also leaves more habitat for wildlife and keeps farms close to home. A senior U.S. Navy officer says that his service no longer considers the East Coast of the United States as an "uncontested" area or an automatic "safe haven" for its ships and submarines. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. Linguistic evidence also indicates that Bantus most likely borrowed the custom of milking cattle directly from Cushitic peoples in the area. Research has shown that most of the monster storms that hit the US and Canada start out as a distinct weather pattern in the atmosphere over western Africa, specifically a spot off the coast of the African Cape Verde islands.. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. Both the Tigray and the Amhara, another Semitic-speaking group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia. Workers pulling onions by the Mbarali River, Tanzania. Attacks followed on Hoja (now known as Ungwana, located at the mouth of the Tana River), Barawa, Angoche, Pate and other coastal towns until the western Indian Ocean was a safe haven for Portuguese commercial interests. Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. Today at the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, the Red Sea is about 12 miles (20 kilometres) wide, but 50,000 years ago it was much narrower and sea levels were 70 meters lower. With imports and exports on the rise in and out of these ports, it's only a matter of time before larger and deeper berths are necessary to accommodate the changes and remain competitive. Drink. The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. The coast of East Africa provides many excellent natural harbours formed by submerged former river estuaries. Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. Zanzibar is now a semi-autonomous state in a union with the mainland which is collectively and commonly referred to as Tanzania. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. The traders relied on the monsoon winds to blow their ships to and from the east African coast. Dhows were used in the nineteenth century to carry slaves from the East African coast to various islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. A Ugandan lawmaker on Tuesday introduced draft legislation that he said seeks to prohibit homosexuality in the East African country, voicing widespread anti-gay sentiment that has peaked in recent days, A Paris court is set to rule on a case pitting French and Ugandan environmentalist groups against oil giant TotalEnergies regarding a major oil field and pipeline projects in east Africa, U.S. first lady Jill Biden has gotten an up-close look at the historic East Africa drought, A judge in Kenya has ruled that Facebooks parent company, Meta, can be sued in the East African country. The geography of East Africa is often stunning and scenic. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. The Kingdom of Aksum was a trading empire centered Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. 10. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. Sharm el-Sheikh has become . In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. In 2011 with WWFs support, the government of Mozambique officially created the Lake Niassa Reserve. We work on sustainable use of natural resources, such as certified timber or fisheries, which also creates incentives for conservation. The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. Coastal erosion threatens the nesting beaches of marine turtles and harms mangrove forestswhich are already being battered from increased storm surges, and vulnerable to future sea level rise. [28] Some researchers have suggested that North Africa was the region of Africa from which modern humans who first trekked out of the continent. This Bantu expansion introduced agriculture into much of the African Great Lakes region. Carefully selected conservation projects one-stop, seamless, transparent donations APP subscribers only. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. ? [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors associated with Homo sapiens, including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. It flows south along the east coast of Africafrom 27S to 40S. Stay safe. Fig. The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. They are solitary and derive their name from the beautiful colour and spots. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? Princeton, Princeton University Press. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Go next. Just off the coast of Kenya, it's a peaceful island, free of cars and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. During barter, the foreigners bartered their goods with gold, ivory and slaves. There is some archaeological evidence that during the Qin and Han dynasties Chinese shipping technology was already quite advanced (the central rudder was invented around this time). WWF, in partnership with CARE, has worked to train local rangers to patrol nesting sites along these islands and marine turtle poaching has decreased significantly. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. Between the two rift valleys lies a plateau that comprises most of Uganda and western Tanzania and includes Lake Victoria. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. History buffs should spend some time in Lamu Town, which is full of old Swahili architecture, with buildings made of mangrove timber and coral stone, and huge, carved wooden doors. . Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. This is . There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. Its a beautiful part of the world this blue desert with its hidden abundance of life. The French settled the largest island of the Indian Ocean (and the fourth-largest globally), Madagascar, along with a group of smaller islands nearby, namely Runion and the Comoros. In the high mountains rainfall can be over 2,500mm (98in). It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous state in the United Republic of Tanzania. [36], East Africa is one of the earliest regions where Homo sapiens are believed to have lived. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Italy gained control of various parts of Somalia in the 1880s. At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. [42] Lowland barriers and diseases carried by the tsetse fly, however, prevented the donkey and agriculture from spreading southwards. With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. A new period opened, it seems, in the 9th century. A dense concentration of box jellyfish in the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Semi-finalist), In 2016, I published a photo of an unusual and yet to be described behaviour displayed by box jellyfish. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. Learn the historical significance of the Kingdom of Axum and how other . Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. To the west, Africa has its longest coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. Chili bombs, a mixture of dried elephant dung and hot chili, are placed in crop fields to keep elephants away because they do not like the smell of chili. Make a symbolic African elephant adoption to help save some of the world's most endangered animals from extinction and support WWF's conservation efforts. Though there is some suggestion that in the 10th century the Muslims had not yet begun to move farther south than Somalia, on Qanbalu they soon became rulers of a pagan population, whose language they adopted. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. Moreover, at Zanzibar an extant Kfic inscription (the only one) recording the construction of a mosque by Sheikh al-Sayyid Ab Imrn Ms ibn al-asan ibn Muammad in 1107 confirms that by this time substantial Muslim settlements had been established. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 XXXIV 1999, pp. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. The islands of Primeiras and Segundas off the coast of Mozambique are a major nesting site for several marine turtle species. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! There are protected wildlife areas in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, but they are separated by areas with large human populations. KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. 1. It consists of 18 countries and 2 dependencies. For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. It also includes the world's second largest freshwater lake, Lake Victoria, and the world's second deepest lake, Lake Tanganyika. Due to the sheer size of the smack of jellyfish, it was impossible to capture the complete scene in a single frame, even though I was using a fisheye lens. A green turtle swims in the blue waters at Marsa Abu Dabbab in the Red Sea, Egypt Cristian Umili (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), ? "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Source: British Library. And four species of commercially important tunabigeye, albacore, yellowfin and skipjackare found here. No settlements from this period have been found. At other places on his way, such as the island of Angediva, near Goa, and Cannanore, the Portuguese built forts, and adopted measures to secure the Portuguese supremacy. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. Encyclopdia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Rising demand and weak enforcement have led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing ivory markets. We measure sea temperature daily in 73 countries or regions, including: Azores, South Africa, England, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Benin, Bermuda and Brazil . Scientific consensus states the region of East Africa is where anatomically modern humans first evolved circa 200,000 years ago before migrating northwards and eastwards out of Africa. Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. East Africa is the part of Africa around and east of the Great Rift Valley, a land feature stretching from the Red Sea in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the east, and the Mozambique Channel in the southeast. 7 Days in Entebbe, The Last King of Scotland, Out of Africa, Queen of Katwe, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, The Good Lie, and Captain Phillips are a few of the critically acclaimed movies. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. A large school of slingers at Sodwana Bay, South Africa Anthony Grote (Photographer of the Year 2016 Entrant), ? Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. We also provide tools to reduce conflict with wildlife. ceo@africageographic.com, Travel & conservation company, since 1991, , Photographer of the Year 2023 Weekly Selection: Week 3, Photographer of the Year 2023 Weekly Selection: Week 2. The Agulhas Current flows from northeast to southwest, almost hugging the east coast of South Africa, and transports warm water from the Indian down into the Southern Ocean. Rainfall variability is influenced by both El Nio events and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Ibo Island, one of 27 small islands in the Quirimbas Archipelago. The largest numbers of Nilo-Saharan speakers belong to the Luo, Lango, Kalenjin, Maasai, and Karimojong peoples, while the principal Bantu-speaking ethnic groups are the Kikuyu, Chaga, and Kamba. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. Although no houses were being built of coral, stone mosques were being constructed. During the period of the Scramble for Africa, almost every country in the larger region to varying degrees became part of a European colonial empire. A team of researchers . The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by da Gama to break the once Venetian trading monopoly. Though the majority of its houses were of wattle and daub, there were also some of stone. Roland Oliver, et al. We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. 1250 24th Street, N.W. [50], On the coastal section of the African Great Lakes region, another mixed Bantu community developed through contact with Muslim Arab and Persian traders, leading to the development of the mixed Arab, Persian and African Swahili City States. This region already suffers from unpredictable rainfall and frequent drought, along with intense rains and flooding. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. WMAs create opportunities for wildlife tourism, which directly benefits local communities through jobs and revenue. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-1693387) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Through our involvement in the creation of local fishing associations, fishermen are recruited to monitor bycatch of turtles and dugongs and provide us with important data on population trends. Lake Niassa is located in Mozambique and shares borders with Malawi and Tanzania. [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. The kingdom of kush was an empire situated in the Nile Valley from 1070 bc to 550 AD,The kingdom would ultimatly Credit: DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00809-x. To provide further sources of incomeand also serve as markers for property boundariesWWF helped incorporate citrus trees. Best Answer. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. [72] In the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3, East Africa is one of the central locations for the campaigns.[73]. The Gulf Stream is a powerful western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that strongly influences the climate of the East Coast of the United States and many Western European countries. [48] The Bantu expansion was a long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving to communities and small groups moving to new areas. From unpredictable rainfall and frequent drought, along with intense rains and flooding resulting in increased profits yield! Collectively and commonly referred to as Tanzania: sailing in the continent of Africa & # ;... 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