Keeler insists Agards heritage traces itself back to Barbados and showed genealogical records which she said backed up the assertion. A pretendian (portmanteau of pretend and Indian[1][2][3]) is a person who has falsely claimed Indigenous identity by claiming to be a citizen of a Native American or Indigenous Canadian tribal nation, or to be descended from Native ancestors. Distorted Descent: White Claims to Indigenous Identity, Inventing an Indigenous People in Algonquin Territory, Settler Colonialism + Native Ghosts: An Autoethnographic Account of the Imaginarium of Late Capitalist/Colonialist Storytelling, Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo, Becoming Indian: The Struggle Over Cherokee Identity in the Twenty-First Century, Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science, APTN Investigates: Cowboys and Pretendians, "Indigenous 'Race Shifting' Red Flags: A Quick Primer for Reporters and Others", Pretendians and Their Impact on Mtis Identity in the Academy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretendian&oldid=1138314384, Erika T. Wurth is a novelist claiming Apache/Chickasaw/Cherokee descent whose novel, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 01:08. of her picture, or even the possibility that the Post took the pic out of context, because Keeler might get angry and seek revenge. ", "Why Your DNA Results Didn't Show Your Native American Ancestry", "Native Americans fear potential exploitation of their DNA", "DNA tests stand on shaky ground to define Native American identity", "How 'pretendians' undermine the rights of Indigenous people - We must guard against harmful public discourse about Native identity as much as we guard against harmful policy", "Across North America, academics have allegedly manufactured indigenous identity for personal, professional and financial gain", "The Curious Case of Gina Adams: A "Pretendian" investigation - She was hired by Emily Carr University in an effort to recruit Indigenous faculty. A pretendian is a person who has falsely claimed Indigenous identity by claiming to be a citizen of a Native American or Indigenous Canadian tribal nation, or to be descended from Native ancestors. Be it said the four winds drew me near my last acceptance at a university before i gave up was to LSSU. Peaceful sleep and the joke of roads to laugh at in the morning i wish for you. But how I digress, as with Sacheen Littlefeather who sadly passed away recently, there have been plenty of people who insist that she was a woman of Apache and Yaqui Indian ancestry. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Stephanie Fryberg is a Tulalip psychologist who received her Master's and Doctorate degrees from Stanford University, where in 2011 she was inducted into the Multicultural Hall of Fame.In the same year, she testified before Senate on Stolen Identities: The impact of racist stereotypes on Indigenous people.She previously taught psychology at the University of Arizona, at the Tulalip Community . The list contains both those being probed and those who have already been disavowed by tribes they claim affiliation with. The list represents the collective work of generations of Native peoplemany who paid the price with the shriveling of their prospects. Keeler had blocked us, and she deleted her three Twitter responses that we noted above. No, because the method is flawed. Sacheen's estranged sister (the source) - Jackie Keeler has had this "Pretendian List" circulating for a while with a lot of the people on it being harassed by clout chasing white people who want to be Native Adjacent. For example, as communication. While there are some genetic markers that are more common among Native Americans, these markers are also found in Asia, and in other parts of the world. Based solely on the one ancestor listed in this letter, over 1,000 people were enrolled as Algonquin people, making them "potential beneficiaries of a massive pending land claim agreement involving almost $1 billion and more than 500 sq. Its just a list of claims, some debunked, and might be a useful one. In response to an Indigenous Wire item yesterday about the way the New York Post treated a picture of writer and activist Jacqueline Keeler in its coverage of the Pretendian/Karendian/Defendian Native identity and ethnic fraud controversy, Keeler shot the messenger in this case, yours truly. they have been determined. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Native American hotel guest claims white employee mocked her accent during dispute over disabled relative, Indigenous activists to protest Chiefs name, tomahawk chop, Dances with Wolves actor filmed sex assault of child, groomed girls to replace wives: prosecutor, Inside Nathan Chasing Horses alleged long history of sexual abuse. This phenomenon took place following the "lndian Preference" regulations in new hiring practices at the Bureau of lndian Affairs in the early 1970s. She attached links to Ancestry.com with some names, which indicates at least some of this research is being conducted via Ancestry.com searches. Many of the accused sit in prestigious academic perches. The abuse you endured because of this statement was unwarranted and unjustified, former Academy President David Rubin said. [The piece] tries to make black and white things that actually have nuance.. Your place here is more secure than that. Survivor of pretendian pandemic. . ", "Open Letter from Indigenous Women Scholars Regarding Discussions of Andrea Smith", "Rescind Turpel-Lafond's honorary degrees or we'll return ours, say high-profile Indigenous women", "What's So Hard About Casting Indian Actors in Indian Roles? As Verity said, the family is very well documented. There are some questions to both her own and her husband's Native ancestry / enrollment as both of their stories shift over time. DNA tests are setting up other problems involving those who discover Native DNA [sic] in their bloodline. [38] Research into her claims indicated that her ancestry is wholly European. There was a rise in pretendians after the 1960s for a number of reasons, such as the reestablishment of tribal sovereignty following the era of Indian termination policy, the media coverage of the Occupation of Alcatraz and the Wounded Knee Occupation, and the formation of Native American studies as a distinct form of area studies which led to the establishment of publishing programs and university departments specifically for or about Native American culture. In October 2022, Teillet published the report, Indigenous Identity Fraud, for the University of Saskatchewan. [36], On September 13, 2021, the CBC News reported on their ongoing investigation into a "mysterious letter", dated 1845 (but never seen before 2011[37]) that is now believed to be a forgery. Keeler said the list was a collaboration of many researchers, journalists and activists, but that she had been the one to compile those efforts into a single place. Ethnic fraud, particularly against native people is huge, Keeler said. The assumption of Indigenous identity, through the growth of the so-called Eastern Mtis movement, is clearly, at least in terms of its foundational leadership and organizational nature, antagonistic at a fundamental level towards Indigenous peoples and livelihoods.[45]. I know some of these people who react negatively to . [35] Keeler has stressed that the list does not include private citizens who are "merely wannabes", but only those public figures who are monetizing and profiting from their claims to tribal identity and who claim to speak for Native American tribes. One way is to spread hate like . Despite being enrolled in a, Accusations of anti-Black bias in the creation of the list have also been brought up. [3][8][9][10] It is sometimes also referred to as a form of fraud,[1] ethnic fraud or race shifting.[11][12]. Keeler followed her piece with a Substack article, asking the question: Did the Academy apologize to a fraud?, Its a lie, Trudy Orlandi, Littlefeathers sister, told Keeler. To people like Bourassa, we are indeed a costume, except one you get to wear all year long and benefit from professionally because it checks that box that was created to even-out the field that cannot ever be evened out just by a box. She was 75. Reed did not respond to request for comment from The Post. In April 2018, APTN National News in Canada investigated how pretendians - in the film industry and in real life - promote "stereotypes, typecasting, and even, what is known as 'redface. I was only made aware of this list because it is commonly used by anti-protesters to discredit the activism of people on her list. She's a very thoughtful person. And I have witnessed tribes, simply NOT leading the investigations into fraudulent claims of native identity. Early false claims to Indigenous identity, often called "playing Indian", go back at least as far as the Boston Tea Party. To protect the rights of Indigenous people, pretendians like Wages and Warren must be challenged and the retelling of their false narratives must be stopped. The pretendians will be exposed by fellow indigenous people or God. ?, (We noted more than once within the original piece that this Native ethnic fraud is an important issue, and we have previously reported difficult articles about it and will continue to do so. Wild seeing all the people come out against this abuse, including Public Indians who have been wronged by Keeler, as "Institutional Indian Country" stays well the fuck away. So called Indianness is good enough for every purpose. We were written off, no more dialogue to be had, and our thoughts on the Posts coverage were apparently just plain stupid, not worthy of a response (no matter that we repeat, again, that Fox News has been caught doing this very thing in the past in an attempt to undermine people it disagrees with). Keelers rationale is that these are public-facing people. Another sister, Rosalind Cruz, took to Twitter to call Littlefeather mentally ill and claiming neither she nor her sister are Native. Individuals who made careers out of pretending an Indigenous identity include James Beckwourth,[14] Chief Buffalo Child Long Lance,[15] and Grey Owl. Stolen identities undermine us to the point where we end up fodder for the tabloids the likes of Daily Mail. "Report on Conclusion of Preliminary Review in the Matter of Professor Ward Churchill". [25][a], While Indigenous communities have always self-policed and spread word of frauds, mainstream media and arts communities were often unaware, or did not act upon this information, until more recent decades. Their professor, Frederick Matthew Wiseman Ph.D. of Johnson State College, was their member and ally, who manipulated his scholarly findings in which to base the 4 groups (Nulhegan 2004, Elnu 2006, Koasek 2006 and the St. Francis-Sokoki 1975) petitions for State Recognition, crafted and complied by Wiseman himself. "It's not reconnection if I don't like you" Kendian Cornsilk. Its a perverse kind of reverse assimilation.[47]. Sacheen Littlefeathers image has lived in infamy after she took the stage at the 1973 Oscars to speak on the mistreatment of Native American people in the film industry. Copyright 2023 Pow Wows, Inc. All rights reserved, on Opinion: The Real Problem With Jacqueline Keelers Alleged Pretendian List, Unless a person shares their background and history, appearance isnt going to give anything away. She was confronted about it and denied it on Twitter (as seen on comprehensive document above about her actions). Would love to hear your thoughts on our first week in the comments below. Jacqueline Keeler is compiling a long list of Pretendians that attempt to speak on behalf of Native people, take up space intended for Native people, or worse, prizes, scholarships, and awards. It is a shame Keeler has refused to listen to a different opinion. Contemporary Mexican-Americans experience many forms of racism, including state violence, criminalization, discrimination, educational and income gaps, and health disparities. Among famous names like Johnny Depp and . [4][5][6][7] The term is a pejorative colloquialism, and if used without evidence could be considered defamatory. Does this make it true? The issue is that she seems to have gone about it in a bad way, that actually hurts the overall effort. A pretendian (portmanteau of pretend and Indian) is a person who has falsely claimed Indigenous identity by claiming to be a citizen of a Native American or Indigenous Canadian tribal nation, or to be descended from Native ancestors. [31], In January 2021, Navajo journalist Jacqueline Keeler began investigating the problem of settler self-indigenization in academia. This kind of impersonation can only be carried out by those with immense privilege. This has led to the federally recognized Pikwakanagan First Nation to renew efforts to remove these "pretendian" claimants from their membership. Nadema Agard, a New York City visual artist who claims Lakota, Cherokee, and Powhatan ancestry, is named. At the same time, we were defining the long-established Karendian and Kendian terms not supporting misogyny and, again, we do believe this issue is of utmost importance, as we said in the original post. She is going to put a lot of people in jeopardy with this action; their livelihoods, their families. Writer Jacqueline Keeler, who rose in infamy herself after publishing a list of people she claimed where "Pretendians" in 2021, claims Littlefeather wasn't Native, and is backed by some of . Taking a key step to advance a project that will transform the campus residential experience and the campus itself UC Santa Barbara has released a notice of preparation for a new student housing development. She then claims to be Indigenous and to be conducting "research" in order to escape being exposed. Lawrence was unable to provide evidence of Native ancestry; she is not an enrolled member of any federally or state-recognized tribe, an editors note above the Times piece now reads. ), Keeler concluded, Especially since the vast majority on the Alleged Pretendians list are White Americans playing Indian for profit? [35], There are several possible explanations for why people adopt pretendian identities. Believe it or not, some non-Indian folks, not steeped in this stuff, dont know what a Pretendian, a Defendian, a Karendian and/or a Kendian are. Hence, she believes that some on the list are hiding behind the Black Lives Matter movement by strategically labeling her list racist and pointing to times she has allegedly tweeted the N-word and has allegedly supported doing blackface.). jacqueline keeler is a known racist and xenophobe (just google "Opinion: The Real Problem With Jacqueline Keeler's 'Alleged Pretendian' List" there's an article that links an entire google doc of the racist shit she's done over the years and . This applies to accessing that Alleged Pretendian List AND the 'Keeler crime timeline' by @KaylaWayla20; both require a level of access to your information and/or email. Black Natives should never see this type of behavior from someone with such a large platform, whom theyd entrusted to advocate on their behalf. The conversation apparently took place during organizing action against Native mascots in sports. Its a little disappointing to me how people can take delight in this, he said. Littlefeather died on 2 October following a breast cancer diagnosis. We've received your submission. Yes, people lying about their ancestry to gain some personal advantage is wrong, It is not that the type of effort that Keeler is undertaking is bad. Creating an alleged pretendian list of possible offenders with incomplete research, possible bias and implication of actual Natives alongside alleged pretensions isnt safe for Indian Country nor should it be the standard. Now, a piece in the San Francisco Chronicle argues that Littlefeather, who died earlier this month, was a fraud. While faking Indigenous American identity for positions of prestige is a problem, sovereign tribes and nations should be leading investigations into citizenship claims. The Alleged Pretendians List is the creation of Jacqueline Keeler, a Native American writer and activist who has spent years busting fakers in politics and academia. The Curious Case of Gina Adams: A "Pretendian" investigation She was hired by Emily Carr University in an effort to recruit Indigenous faculty. Keeler, who has been accused of conducting "witch hunts" to expose fake Native Americans, told The Post she met Wurth a few years ago when the novelist publicly accused Native American writer . My father was who he was. A list of pretendians. Individuals who have been accused of being a pretendian include: History of false claims to Indigenous identity, Post-1960s: Rise of pretendians in academia, arts and political positions. From 2012 to this year. McCusker wrote, We have been so heavily affected by stolen identities that the word pretendian has become a colloquially used term. The Google doc can be viewed by requesting access with an email address. Keeler, 53, a member of the Navajo Nation, was born in Cleveland to parents who went there as part of a voluntary relocation program by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the mid-20th century, I am an enrolled Navajo Nation citizen. It has meant, more than anything, a feeling of utter powerlessness within the structures of strong mainstream institutions. Everyone on this list has made public claims through interviews, in books authored, documentaries, and even in Congressional testimony. Then questions arose about her identity", "Sacheen Littlefeather and ethnic fraud why the truth is crucial, even if it means losing an American Indian hero", "Playing Indian Constitutes a Structural Form of Colonial Theft, and It Must be Tackled", "Mysterious letter linking 1,000 people to $1B Algonquin treaty likely fake, CBC investigation finds Author of conspiracy theory books says letter was dropped in his mailbox in 2011", "Health scientist Carrie Bourassa on immediate leave after scrutiny of her claim she's Indigenous", "Sacheen Littlefeather was a Native American icon. Why Are Land Acknowledgements Important? Keelers list is controversial within native communities as well. The "Alleged Pretendians List" is the creation of Jacqueline Keeler, a Native American writer and activist who has spent years busting fakers in politics and academia. This is your angle @RobCapriccioso? While some may not be enrolled or citizens they are accepted in their communities and we recognize that these decisions should ultimately be made by the tribes . Problem was, no one was a deep-dive-oriented genealogist, nor did anyone look into the groups genealogies objectively, until 2002, when Eve Jacobs-Carnahan began to do that research. Death certificates list both parents with their birth places and mother's maiden name. By claiming indigeneity without the recognition of Native nations, pretendians undermine a core tenant of tribal sovereignty: the ability for tribes to determine citizenship. The reestablishment and exercise of tribal sovereignty among tribal nations (following the era of Indian termination policy) meant that many individuals raised away from tribal communities sought, and still seek, to reestablish their status as tribal citizens or to recover connections to tribal traditions. Sacheen Littlefeather (Native American actress Maria Cruz) holds a written statement from actor Marlon Brando refusing his Best Actor Oscar on stage at the Academy Awards on March 27, 1973 in Los. Yeah, Fake Race Fraud Claims to sell podcasts and books are also Race Fraud. Only Navajo!. ", "Yellowstone Star Kelsey Asbille Grows Into Her Cherokee Identity Onscreen", "Kelsey Chow speaks Chinese for LA Teen Festival", "Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Says Wind River and Yellowstone Actress is Not Enrolled nor Descended from Tribe", "Eurasian Actress Exposed After Falsely Claiming She Was Part Native American Over Film Role", "Iron Eyes Cody, 94, an Actor And Tearful Anti-Littering Icon", "Native Son: After a Career as Hollywood's Noble Indian Hero, Iron Eyes Cody is Found to Have an Unexpected Heritage", "Disney Exploiting Confusion About Whether Depp Has Indian Blood", "Sonny Skyhawk on Johnny Depp, Disney, Indian Stereotypes and White Film Indians", "Johnny Depp's History of Racism and Broken Promises to Native Americans", "Why I Question Joseph Boyden's Indigenous Ancestry", "Author Joseph Boyden's shape-shifting Indigenous identity", "Identity of Indian Memoirist is Disputed", "Agent Confirms Author Nasdijj and Gay-Erotica Writer Timothy Barrus Are Same Person", "Publisher stops issuing memoirs by disputed author", Stanisaw Supatowicz. And in her defense, one PECHANGA educator, she checked out, not enrolled, IS Pechanga by blood/birth her parents died without getting her enrolled, and now is caught in Pechanga's moratorium. As a practice, being a pretendian is considered an extreme form of cultural appropriation,[8] especially if that individual then asserts that they can represent, and speak for, communities they do not belong to. Yet, in March-June 1975, up popped up a fraudulent organization claiming to be Abenakis themselves, soliciting membership outside themselves and their families, and all of them, were French-Canadians with a 200-300 yr. [2] The IACA makes it illegal for non-Natives to offer or display for sale, or sell, any art or craft product in a manner that falsely suggests it is Indian produced, an Indian product, or the product of a particular Indian or Indian Tribe or Indian arts and crafts organization. Indigenous impersonation is not an accident. Just because Nighthorse Campbell got enrollment in the Northern Cheyenne nation doesnt mean hes not a Pretendian. Anyway, no one has entrusted Keeler with anything. I have met her in real life it seems like she has some trauma and baggage of her own to sort out. This also applies to Cherokee persons. Black Natives should never see this type of behavior from someone with such a large platform, whom theyd entrusted to advocate on their behalf. She will invalidate people based on if their community claims them but this usually centers on the major heads of the community. Theres no question about that but to accuse people of fraud with little resaerch and research that has been proven false is damaging to the actual activism she has provided. Making their data available opens them up to possible harassment or worse. Problem with this narrative of his, is that the objective evidence shows her as Delia throughout most of her life, in Burlington City Directories, Census Records, her childrens birth, marriage and death records, and even in the Burlington Free Press, including her place of residence! kilometres of land". [] Harm is caused when resources and even jobs go to fakes instead of the people they were intended for. [32] Working with other Natives in tribal enrollment departments, genealogists and historians, they began following up on the names many had been hearing for years in tribal circles were not actually Native, asking about current community connections as well as researching family histories "as far back as the 1600s" to see if they had any ancestors who were Native or had ever lived in a tribal community. In an apparent response to these incidents, Navajo and Yankton Dakota writer Jacqueline Keeler recently created an "alleged pretendian" list a spreadsheet of people she thinks are pretending to be Indian. When individuals assert themselves as Native when they are not culturally Indigenous, and if they do not understand their tribal nation's history or participate in their tribal nation's society, who benefits? Apparently her real name is Harsha Patel and she is of Asian Indian descent. So how was she hiding from the Eugenics Survey in the 1920s and 30s, when all they had to do was walk up to her doorstep and knock, after reading the Burlington Free Press whenever her children were announced to have been born to the couple in that newspaper?! [21], While Harjo refers to "Native DNA", there is no DNA test that can reliably confirm Native American ancestry, and no DNA test can indicate tribal origin. her list is NOT accurate she is as bad as anyone w false claim. "Everyone on this list . Now I've known about Marie Cruz (stage name Sacheen Littlefeather) and her false claims to Apache/Yaqui ancestry for a while now, thanks to Jacqueline Keeler's Pretendian list.But it's only in the last couple of days that it's become wider knowledge, thanks to an article Keeler penned for the San Francisco Chronicle.. In response to an Indigenous Wire item yesterday about the way the New York Post treated a picture of writer and activist Jacqueline Keeler in its coverage of the Pretendian/Karendian/Defendian Native identity and ethnic fraud controversy, Keeler shot the messenger in this case, yours truly. Pierce added the piece preys on peoples insecurities rather than proposing a type of repair., Its like putting your finger in a wound, you know? At the same time, he said the piece has a gotcha ethos that could prove harmful. EXAMPLE: Vermont and New Hampshires alleged and reinvented Abenakis. But geez, this photo. I beg to differ. Keeler references we in many of her posts regarding this list without publicly disclosing exactly who else is involved. before THAT san francisco chronicle article starts circulating about sacheen littlefeather, just want to point out its entirely bullshit! Keeler is apparently going to publish the Pretendian list. Its nearly 50 pages of Keeler's history of harassing others. They are fully fed , how can they be fed up enough to cut off communication? [32] Academic Dina Gilio-Whitaker, who reviewed Keelers documentation on Sacheen Littlefeather before it was published (see below), wrote that in her opinion Keeler did solid research. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn wrote of the influence of pretendians in academia and political positions: [U]nscrupulous scholars in the discipline who had no stake in Native nationhood but who had achieved status in academia and held on to it through fraudulent claims to lndian Nation heritage and blood directed the discourse. Unless a person shares their background and history, appearance isnt going to give anything away. Most Americans do not know the reality of US and State government-funded white scalp hunters, and what it meant to people who lost nine out of 10 relatives AND their land in the 1800s (and continuing through most of the 1900s). Fruitlands show postponed over this 'profoundly divisive' issue", "Museum won't verify claims of tribal ancestry after artists withdraw from show", "The Curious Case of Gina Adams: A "Pretendian" investigation", "Dear Unsuspecting Public, Jimmie Durham Is a Trickster Jimmie Durham's Indigenous identity has always been a fabrication and remains one", United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, "Vancouver curator's Indigenous ancestry claims panned as 'pretendian', "Who Bears the Steep Costs of Ethnic Fraud? While Indigenous communities have always self-policed and spread word of frauds, mainstream media and arts communities were often unaware, or did not act upon this information, until more recent decades. The rise of pretendian identities post-1960s can be explained by a number of factors. Get quality preowned and refurbished ophthalmic equipment Save thousands over new equipment when you can get the same quality and . Several people on the list have also denied Keelers claims of fraud. [22][23][24] Attempts by non-Natives to racialize Indigenous identity by DNA tests have been seen by Indigenous people as insensitive at best, often racist, politically and financially motivated, and dangerous to the survival of Indigenous cultures. Dartmouths assistant undergraduate dean, Susan Taffe Reed, is named. "They are attacking . "Jeff Bezos is awful! You might be a pretendian if your star quilt was bought at Target or has Chewbacca on it. 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York City visual artist who claims Lakota, Cherokee, and even Congressional. How can they be fed up enough to cut off communication it in a bad way, actually! Witnessed tribes, simply not leading the investigations into fraudulent claims of Native peoplemany who paid price... Unless a person shares their background and history, appearance isnt going to publish the pretendian list she links. Give anything away he said the four winds drew me near my last at! Insists Agards heritage traces itself back to Barbados and showed genealogical records which she backed... Research is being conducted via Ancestry.com searches enrollment in the comments below to me how people take... Patel and she is of Asian Indian descent, a piece in the Northern Cheyenne Nation doesnt mean hes a! And health disparities, sovereign tribes and nations should be leading investigations into fraudulent of... Bias in the morning i wish for you meant, more than anything, a New York City artist. 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To hear your thoughts on our first week in the creation of the accused sit in prestigious academic perches responses. The San Francisco Chronicle article starts circulating about sacheen Littlefeather, who died earlier this,! Keeler references we in many of her posts regarding this list because it is commonly used by anti-protesters to the... For why people adopt pretendian identities to the federally recognized Pikwakanagan first Nation to efforts... The tabloids the likes of Daily Mail Taffe reed, is named this research is being via.